参见、参考文献、外部链接:伊朗 / Iran
本文为辽观整合的中英文词条的参见、参考文献、外部链接部分。
参见、参考文献、外部链接
Wikipedia; CathayVista
7/15/202475 min read
1. 参见(维基百科的相关词条)
提示:本部分链接中有些指向无法从中国内地直接访问的站点。
Iran portal【伊朗主题(英文)】
Shia Islam portal【伊斯兰沙里亚法主题(英文)】
2. 英文词条参考文献
提示:本部分链接中有些指向无法从中国内地直接访问的站点。
2.1 引用列表(与文中标号对应)| Citations
^ Jeroen Temperman (2010). State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law: Towards a Right to Religiously Neutral Governance. Brill. pp. 87–. ISBN 978-90-04-18148-9. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2015. The official motto of Iran is [the] Takbir ('God is the Greatest' or 'God is Great'). Transliteration Allahu Akbar. As referred to in art. 18 of the constitution of Iran (1979). The de facto motto however is: 'Independence, freedom, the Islamic Republic.'
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^ Goldstein, Michael. "World Tourism Up 4%, Fastest-Growing Countries Include Iran, Myanmar". Forbes. Archived from the original on 3 May 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
^ Laroche. 1957. Proto-Iranian arya- descends from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) ar-yo-, a yo-adjective to a root *ar "to assemble skillfully", present in Greek harma "chariot", Greek aristos, (as in "aristocracy"), Latin ars "art", etc.
^ Wilson, Arnold (2012). "The Middle Ages: Fars". The Persian Gulf (RLE Iran A). Routledge. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-136-84105-7.
^ Borjian, Maryam; Borjian, Habib (2011). "Plights of Persian in the Modernization Era". In Fishman, Joshua A; García, Ofelia (eds.). Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: Volume 2: The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-19-539245-6. 'Iran' and 'Persia' are synonymous. The former has always been used by Iranian-speaking peoples themselves, while the latter has served as the international name of the country in various languages, ever since it was introduced by the Greeks some twenty-five centuries ago. In 1935, however, the nationalist administration under Reza Shah Pahlavi (see below) made a successful effort to replace 'Persia' with 'Iran,' apparently to underline the nation's 'Aryan' pedigree to the international community. The latter term used to signify all branches of the Indo-European language family (and even the 'race' of their speakers), but was practically abandoned after World War II.
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^ Christoph Marcinkowski (2010). Shi'ite Identities: Community and Culture in Changing Social Contexts. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 83. ISBN 978-3-643-80049-7. Retrieved 21 June 2013. The 'historical lands of Iran' – 'Greater Iran' – were always known in the Persian language as Irānshahr or Irānzamīn.
^ Frye, Richard Nelson (October 1962). "Reitzenstein and Qumrân Revisited by an Iranian". The Harvard Theological Review. 55 (4): 261–268. doi:10.1017/S0017816000007926. JSTOR 1508723. S2CID 162213219. I use the term Iran in an historical context [...] Persia would be used for the modern state, more or less equivalent to "western Iran". I use the term "Greater Iran" to mean what I suspect most Classicists and ancient historians really mean by their use of Persia – that which was within the political boundaries of States ruled by Iranians.
^ Richard Frye (2012). Persia (RLE Iran A). Routledge. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-136-84154-5. Retrieved 21 June 2013. This 'greater Iran' included and still includes part of the Caucasus Mountains, Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Iraq; for Kurds, Baluchis, Afghans, Tajiks, Ossetes, and other smaller groups are Iranians
^ Farrokh, Kaveh. Shadows in the Desert: Ancient Persia at War. ISBN 1-84603-108-7
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^ Biglari, Fereidoun; Saman Heydari; Sonia Shidrang. "Ganj Par: The first evidence for Lower Paleolithic occupation in the Southern Caspian Basin, Iran". Antiquity. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
^ "National Museum of Iran". Pbase.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
^ J. D. Vigne; J. Peters; D. Helmer (2002). First Steps of Animal Domestication, Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the International Council of Archaeozoology. Oxbow Books, Limited. ISBN 978-1-84217-121-9.
^ Pichon, Fiona; Estevez, Juan José Ibáñez; Anderson, Patricia C.; Tsuneki, Akira (25 August 2023). "Harvesting cereals at Tappeh Sang-e Chakhmaq and the introduction of farming in Northeastern Iran during the Neolithic". PLOS ONE. 18 (8): e0290537. Bibcode:2023PLoSO..1890537P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0290537. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 10456166. PMID 37624813.
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^ "Emergence of Agriculture in the Foothills of the Zagros Mountains of Iran", by Simone Riehl, Mohsen Zeidi, Nicholas J. Conard – University of Tübingen, publication 10 May 2013
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^ Afary, Janet; Peter William Avery; Khosrow Mostofi. "Iran (Ethnic Groups)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
^ Azadpour, M. "HEGEL, GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
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^ Sarkhosh Curtis, Vesta; Stewart, Sarah (2005), Birth of the Persian Empire: The Idea of Iran, London: I.B. Tauris, p. 108, ISBN 978-1-84511-062-8, archived from the original on 28 March 2024, retrieved 20 June 2017, Similarly the collapse of Sassanian Eranshahr in AD 650 did not end Iranians' national idea. The name 'Iran' disappeared from official records of the Saffarids, Samanids, Buyids, Saljuqs and their successor. But one unofficially used the name Iran, Eranshahr, and similar national designations, particularly Mamalek-e Iran or 'Iranian lands', which exactly translated the old Avestan term Ariyanam Daihunam. On the other hand, when the Safavids (not Reza Shah, as is popularly assumed) revived a national state officially known as Iran, bureaucratic usage in the Ottoman empire and even Iran itself could still refer to it by other descriptive and traditional appellations.
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^ Bernard Lewis (2004). From Babel to Dragomans : Interpreting the Middle East: Interpreting the Middle East. Oxford University Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-19-803863-4. Retrieved 21 June 2013. ... the Iranian contribution to this new Islamic civilization is of immense importance.
^ Richard Nelson Frye (1975). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 396. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
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^ Why is there such confusion about the origins of this important dynasty, which reasserted Iranian identity and established an independent Iranian state after eight and a half centuries of rule by foreign dynasties? RM Savory, Iran under the Safavids (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980), p. 3.
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^ Savory, R. M. "Safavids". Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.).
^ Sarkhosh Curtis, Vesta; Stewart, Sarah (2005), Birth of the Persian Empire: The Idea of Iran, London: I.B. Tauris, p. 108, ISBN 978-1-84511-062-8, archived from the original on 28 March 2024, retrieved 20 June 2017, Similarly the collapse of Sassanian Eranshahr in AD 650 did not end Iranians' national idea. The name 'Iran' disappeared from official records of the Saffarids, Samanids, Buyids, Saljuqs and their successor. But one unofficially used the name Iran, Eranshahr, and similar national designations, particularly Mamalek-e Iran or 'Iranian lands', which exactly translated the old Avestan term Ariyanam Daihunam. On the other hand, when the Safavids (not Reza Shah, as is popularly assumed) revived a national state officially known as Iran, bureaucratic usage in the Ottoman empire and even Iran itself could still refer to it by other descriptive and traditional appellations.
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^ "Griboedov not only extended protection to those Caucasian captives who sought to go home but actively promoted the return of even those who did not volunteer. Large numbers of Georgian and Armenian captives had lived in Iran since 1804 or as far back as 1795." Fisher, William Bayne; Avery, Peter; Gershevitch, Ilya; Hambly, Gavin; Melville, Charles. The Cambridge History of Iran, Cambridge University Press – 1991. p. 339
^ Bournoutian. Armenian People, p. 105
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^ Gingeras, Ryan (2016). Fall of the Sultanate: The Great War and the End of the Ottoman Empire 1908–1922. Oxford University Press, Oxford. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-19-166358-1. Retrieved 18 June 2016. By January, Ottoman regulars and cavalry detachments associated with the old Hamidiye had seized the towns of Urmia, Khoy, and Salmas. Demonstrations of resistance by local Christians, comprising Armenians, Nestorians, Syriacs, and Assyrians, led Ottoman forces to massacre civilians and torch villages throughout the border region of Iran.
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^ Iran scraps birth control programme in baby boom bid. 每日电讯报. 2012-08-02 [2012-08-08]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-15).
^ 中新网-伊朗军方宣布成功发射首颗自行研制的人造卫星 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). 2008年8月17日查阅
^ 伊朗2013年晉升核武強權. [2012-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2012-05-23).
^ Iran nuclear talks: 'Historic' agreement struck. BBC News. 2015-07-14 [2017-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-14).
^ 欧盟高官与伊朗外长宣布伊核问题达成全面协议. [2017-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-23).
4. 外部链接 External links
提示:本部分链接中有些指向无法从中国内地直接访问的站点。
The Office of the Supreme Leader Sayyid Ali Khamenei(伊朗精神领袖官方网站)(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)(英文)
The President of Iran Archived 27 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
Iran.ir Archived 17 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in Persian)
Iran Archived 5 May 2024 at the Wayback Machine. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
Iran web resources provided by GovPubs at the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries
خبرگزاري فارس(伊朗法尔斯通讯社)(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)(阿拉伯文)
The World Factbook: Iran(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),CIA(英文)
伊朗伊斯兰共和国对外广播电台华语台(简体中文)
维基百科姊妹项目中的“伊朗”相关内容:
维基媒体的伊朗地图集 (英文)
Definitions from Wiktionary【维基词典】
News from Wikinews【维基新闻】
Quotations from Wikiquote【维基引用】
Textbooks from Wikibooks【维基书籍】
Texts from Wikisource【维基来源】
Resources from Wikiversity【维基大学】
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